territories-federally administered regions whose boundaries supervened upon the Indian treaty claims. Historical backgroundīefore 1838, the fixed boundaries of these autonomous Indian nations, comprising large areas of the United States, were subject to continual cession and annexation, in part due to pressure from squatters and the threat of military force in the newly declared U.S. Other Indian nations, such as the Quapaws and Osages had moved to Indian Territory before the "Five Tribes" and saw them as intruders. When the "Five Tribes" arrived in Indian Territory, "they followed their physical appropriation of Plains Indians' land with an erasure of their predecessor's history", and "perpetuated the idea that they had found an undeveloped 'wilderness" when they arrived" in an attempt to appeal to white American values by participating in the settler colonial process themselves. By 1837, 46,000 Indians from the southeastern states had been removed from their homelands, thereby opening 25 million acres (100,000 km 2) for white settlement. A small number of non-Indians who lived with the nations, including over 4,000 slaves and others of African descent such as spouses or Freedmen, also accompanied the Indians on the trek westward. A small group of Seminole, fewer than 500, evaded forced removal the modern Seminole Nation of Florida is descended from these individuals. Some managed to evade the removals, however, and remained in their ancestral homelands some Choctaw still reside in Mississippi, Creek in Alabama and Florida, Cherokee in North Carolina, and Seminole in Florida. The Creek removal followed in 1834, the Chickasaw in 1837, and lastly the Cherokee in 1838. After two wars, many Seminoles were removed in 1832. In 1831, the Choctaw became the first Nation to be removed, and their removal served as the model for all future relocations. Congressman Davy Crockett of Tennessee, President Andrew Jackson was able to gain Congressional passage of the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which authorized the government to extinguish any Indian title to land claims in the Southeast. Although the effort was vehemently opposed by some, including U.S. Īmerican settlers had been pressuring the federal government to remove Indians from the Southeast many settlers were encroaching on Indian lands, while others wanted more land made available to the settlers. The process of cultural transformation from their traditional way of life towards a white American way of life as proposed by George Washington and Henry Knox was gaining momentum, especially among the Cherokee and Choctaw. In 1830, a group of Indian nations collectively referred to as the " Five Civilized Tribes" (the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee, and Seminole nations), were living autonomously in what would later be termed the American Deep South. Oklahoma is depicted in light yellow-green. Overview A map of the process of Indian Removal, 1830–1838. Some historians have said that the event constituted a genocide, although this label has been rejected by others and remains a matter of debate. Thousands died from disease before reaching their destinations or shortly after. The relocated peoples suffered from exposure, disease, and starvation while en route to their newly designated Indian reserve. The Cherokee removal in 1838 (the last forced removal east of the Mississippi) was brought on by the discovery of gold near Dahlonega, Georgia, in 1828, resulting in the Georgia Gold Rush. As part of the Indian removal, members of the Cherokee, Muscogee (Creek), Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations were forcibly removed from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States to newly designated Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River after the passage of the Indian Removal Act in 1830. The Trail of Tears was an ethnic cleansing and forced displacement of approximately 60,000 people of the " Five Civilized Tribes" between 18 by the United States government. Army, state militiasĪcquisition of American Indian land east of the Mississippi River. " Five Civilized Tribes" of Cherokee, Muscogee, Seminole, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Ponca and Ho-Chunk/Winnebago nations So get ready to blast off in a rocket fuelled Starfield performance preview. We also compare the improvements over the previous showing, enhancements within the engine, and much more. The biggest question after the show(s) was: why is it 30fps on Xbox Series X and Series S and not 60fps? In this IGN Performance preview, we dive into the details shared by the team, the revealed PC minimum and recommended specifications, and how the Creation Engine 2 works, comparing the previous games to gauge some of the potential reasons why the team might have chosen 30fps. With Starfield being the center of the Xbox 2023 Showcase last week, Bethesda gave us a deep dive into one of the biggest games this generation.
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